802.11a/b/g/n/ac Iterambere n'itandukaniro

802.11a/b/g/n/ac Iterambere n'Itandukaniro
Kuva aho Wi Fi ishyiriwe ku bakoresha bwa mbere mu 1997, uburyo bwa Wi Fi buhora buhinduka, bukunze kongera umuvuduko no kwagura uburyo bwo kuyikoresha. Uko imirimo yongewe ku buryo bwa mbere bwa IEEE 802.11, byavuguruwe binyuze mu mavugurura yayo (802.11b, 802.11g, nibindi)

802.11b 2.4GHz
802.11b ikoresha umurongo wa 2.4 GHz nk'uwo yari isanzweho wa 802.11. Ishyigikira umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 11 Mbps n'uburebure bwa metero 4. Ibice bya 802.11b birahendutse, ariko iyi gahunda ifite umuvuduko wo hejuru kandi ugenda buhoro kurusha iyindi yose ya 802.11. Kandi bitewe nuko 802.11b ikora kuri 2.4 GHz, ibikoresho byo mu rugo cyangwa izindi miyoboro ya Wi-Fi ya 2.4 GHz bishobora guteza akajagari.

802.11a 5GHz OFDM
Verisiyo "a" ivuguruye y'iyi standard isohoka icyarimwe na 802.11b. Izana ikoranabuhanga rigoye cyane ryitwa OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) ryo gukora ibimenyetso bitagira umugozi. 802.11a itanga ibyiza bimwe na bimwe kurusha 802.11b: ikora mu murongo wa 5 GHz udacucitse cyane bityo ikaba idakunze kwibasirwa n'ibintu byinshi. Kandi bandwidth yayo iri hejuru cyane ya 802.11b, ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 54 Mbps.
Ushobora kuba utarahura n'ibikoresho byinshi bya 802.11a cyangwa router. Ibi biterwa nuko ibikoresho bya 802.11b bihendutse kandi birushaho gukundwa ku isoko ry'abaguzi. 802.11a ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi.

802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
Igipimo cya 802.11g gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya OFDM rimwe na 802.11a. Kimwe na 802.11a, gishyigikira igipimo ntarengwa cya teyori cya 54 Mbps. Ariko, kimwe na 802.11b, ikora mu miyoboro ya 2.4 GHz yuzuye (bityo ikaba ifite ibibazo bimwe na 802.11b). 802.11g ikoreshwa inyuma n'ibikoresho bya 802.11b: ibikoresho bya 802.11b bishobora guhuzwa n'aho 802.11g igera (ariko ku muvuduko wa 802.11b).
Kubera ko bafite 802.11g, abaguzi bateye imbere cyane mu muvuduko wa Wi-Fi no kuyikwirakwiza. Hagati aho, ugereranije n'ibicuruzwa byabanje, router zikoresha umugozi zigenda zirushaho kuba nziza, zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zigenda ziyongera.

802.11n (Wi Fi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Binyuze mu buryo busanzwe bwa 802.11n, Wi-Fi yarushijeho kuba yihuta kandi yizewe. Ishyigikira igipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza amakuru cya 300 Mbps (kugeza kuri 450 Mbps iyo ukoresheje antene eshatu). 802.11n ikoresha MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), aho transmitters/receivers nyinshi zikorera icyarimwe ku mpera imwe cyangwa zombi z'umurongo. Ibi bishobora kongera cyane amakuru bitabaye ngombwa ko habaho imbaraga nyinshi zo kohereza amakuru cyangwa bandwidth. 802.11n ishobora gukora muri frequency bands za 2.4 GHz na 5 GHz.

802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
802.11ac yongera imbaraga za Wi-Fi, ifite umuvuduko uri hagati ya 433 Mbps na gigabits nyinshi ku isegonda. Kugira ngo igere kuri iyi mikorere, 802.11ac ikora gusa muri frequency band ya 5 GHz, ishyigikira inzira umunani z'itumanaho (ugereranije n'inzira enye za 802.11n), ikuba kabiri ubugari bwa channel kuri 80 MHz, kandi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryitwa beamforming. Hamwe na beamforming, antene zishobora kohereza ibimenyetso bya radiyo, bityo zerekeza ku bikoresho runaka.

Indi ntambwe ikomeye ya 802.11ac ni Multi User (MU-MIMO). Nubwo MIMO iyobora inzira nyinshi ku mukiriya umwe, MU-MIMO ishobora kuyobora inzira nyinshi icyarimwe ku mukiriya umwe. Nubwo MU-MIMO idakomeza umuvuduko w'umukiriya uwo ari we wese ku giti cye, ishobora kunoza uburyo amakuru yose akoreshwa mu muyoboro wose.
Nkuko mubibona, imikorere ya Wi-Fi ikomeje gutera imbere, aho umuvuduko ushobora kwiyongera ndetse n'imikorere yegereza umuvuduko w'insinga.

802.11ax WiFi 6
Mu 2018, ishyirahamwe rya WiFi Alliance ryafashe ingamba zo koroshya kumenya no gusobanukirwa amazina asanzwe ya WiFi. Bazahindura ihame rya 802.11ax rigiye gushyirwa kuri WiFi6.

Wi Fi 6, 6 iri he?
Ibipimo byinshi by'imikorere ya Wi Fi birimo intera yo kohereza ubutumwa, igipimo cyo kohereza ubutumwa, ubushobozi bwa network, n'igihe bateri imara. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'igihe, ibisabwa n'abantu ku muvuduko na bandwidth bigenda birushaho kwiyongera.
Hari ibibazo byinshi mu miyoboro isanzwe ya Wi-Fi, nko kuba hari umuyoboro mugari, kuba hari urubuga ruto, ndetse no gukenera guhinduranya SSID buri gihe.
Ariko Wi Fi 6 izazana impinduka nshya: izamura ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru ku bikoresho, ishyigikira uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru ku buryo bwihuse ku bakoresha benshi, kandi ishobora kugaragaza imikorere myiza mu bihe by'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru menshi, ndetse ikazana intera ndende yo kohereza amakuru no kohereza amakuru ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Muri rusange, ugereranyije n'izabanjirije, akarusho ka Wi Fi 6 ni "ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru bubiri n'ubufite ubushobozi bwo hasi bubiri":
Umuvuduko wo hejuru: Kubera ko hashyizweho ikoranabuhanga nka uplink MU-MIMO, 1024QAM modulation, na 8 * 8MIMO, umuvuduko ntarengwa wa Wi Fi 6 ushobora kugera kuri 9.6Gbps, bivugwa ko usa n'umuvuduko wa stroke.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera kuri interineti: Ikintu cy'ingenzi cya Wi Fi 6 ni ukugabanya ubucucike bw'amakuru no kwemerera ibikoresho byinshi guhuza umuyoboro. Kuri ubu, Wi Fi 5 ishobora kuvugana n'ibikoresho bine icyarimwe, mu gihe Wi Fi 6 izatanga itumanaho n'ibikoresho bigera kuri byinshi icyarimwe. Wi Fi 6 ikoresha kandi OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) na ikoranabuhanga rya multi-channel signal beamforming rikomoka kuri 5G kugira ngo ryongere imikorere myiza ya Spectral n'ubushobozi bwa network.
Gutinda guke: Bikoresheje ikoranabuhanga nka OFDMA na SpatialReuse, Wi Fi 6 ituma abakoresha benshi bohereza ubutumwa icyarimwe muri buri gihe, bikuraho gukenera gutegereza umurongo no gutegereza, bigabanya amarushanwa, binoza imikorere, kandi bigabanya gutinda. Kuva kuri 30ms kuri Wi Fi 5 kugeza kuri 20ms, hamwe n'impuzandengo yo kugabanya gutinda ya 33%.
Ingufu nke zikoreshwa: TWT, irindi koranabuhanga rishya muri Wi Fi 6, ryemerera AP kuvugana n'imiyoboro ya terminale, bikagabanya igihe gisabwa kugira ngo bakomeze kohereza no gushakisha ibimenyetso. Ibi bivuze kugabanya ikoreshwa rya bateri no kunoza igihe bateri ikoresha, bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za terminale rigabanukaho 30%.

Kuva mu 2012 | Tanga mudasobwa zikozwe mu nganda zihariye ku bakiriya bo ku isi yose!